It is и there is когда используем. Вводные обороты в английском языке

Конструкция there + be (is, are, will be, have/has/ had been, was, were ):
√ Констатация существование чего-либо.
√ Указывает на присутствие чего-либо, кого-либо.
√ Указывает события которые произошли, либо произойдут.
√ При перечислении.

Указательное местоимение It употребляется:
√ В выражениях It +be + прилагательное + to инфинитив.
√ Если речь идет о погоде.
√ Для определения точного времени.
√ Описания места (местности).
√ С оборотами it is going to / it is becoming.

Употребляется в сочетании: there + be (is, are, will be, have/has/ had been, was, were) :

1) Когда мы говорим о существование чего-либо (есть, существует, находится)
There are some old churches in this small town.
В этом маленьком городке есть несколько старых церквей.

2) Указывает на присутствие чего-либо, кого-либо.
I think there is somebody behind the door.
Мне кажется, за дверью кто-то есть.

3) Указывает события которые произошли, либо произойдут в будущем
There was an air crash here two years ago.
Два года назад здесь произошла авиакатастрофа.

4) При перечислении.

При перечислении there согласуется с первым существительным,
если ближайшее существительное к конструкции в единственном числе, то употребляется is/was/has been/will be , а если во множественном числе то употребляется are/were/have been например:
There was my dad, two uncles, two brothers at my birthday.
There were two cars, one bike and one cat.

Указательное местоимение It употребляется :
В выражениях It +be + прилагательное + to инфинитив , делая акцент на прилагательное, либо it + bе + прилагательное (+ that)

It is useful to know how to use electric appliances.
Полезно знать, как пользоваться электрическими приборами.
It was funny (that) we pronounced the word simultaneously.
Было смешным то, что мы произнесли это слово одновременно.

II Если речь идет о погоде.
It is rather frosty today .
Мороз сегодня достаточно сильный.

It hasn’t rained here since May.
Здесь не было дождя с мая месяца.

II Для определения точного времени.
-What time is it ?
Который час?

-It is ten sharp.
Ровно десять.

IV Описания места (местности).
It was calm and beautiful near the forest lake.
У лесного озера было тихо и красиво.

V С оборотами it is going to / it is becoming
It is going to be cool at the party.
Вечеринка обещает быть классной.

It is becoming more and more difficult to enter the university. Становится все труднее и труднее поступить в университет.

It перед прилагательными.
1) Mестоимение it , встречается также перед прилагательными по схеме:
It + is/was + adjectives + to infinitive :

2) местоимение it + глаголы to think, to find, to make и to feel , +(for + somebody) + to infinitive

It+is/was			желательный
			небрежный
		ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk	характерный
			очаровательный
		ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd
		kənˈviːnjənt
			правильный
			любопытный
			приличный
			восхитительный
		dɪˈzaɪərəbl	желательный
			достаточный
			отличный
			интересный
			(не) естественный
		ʌnˈnesɪsərɪ	(не) нужный
			нормальный
			приятный
			(не) возможный
			(не) разумный
			печальный
			безопасный
			разумный
			странный
			удивительный
			достаточный
			типичный
			полезный
			бесполезный
			неправильный

It"s strange to see them together. Странно видеть их вместе.

He found it useful to drink a lot of juice everyday.

He found it necessary for her t o drink a lot of juice everyday.
Используемый материал: А.К. Точилина, Л.Л. Кажемская Тренажер2 по английскому языку, Терра Систем.

Итак, задача первостепенной важности при переводе с родного языка на английский язык – это безошибочно определить вид предложения.

Иногда возникает путаница, если предложение начинается с обстоятельства места, то есть со слов (или слова), которые отвечают на вопрос — ГДЕ?. Могут быть такие варианты предложений:

1. В КОМНАТЕ темно.

2. В КОМНАТЕ сейчас играют дети.

3. В КОМНАТЕ два стула и кровать.

Давайте разберемся поподробнее в видах этих трех предложений.

Первое предложение – это с формальным подлежащим “it”. It is dark in the room.

Второе предложение – это предложение с прямым порядком слов, и его надо поставить на промежуточный вариант “R-E”: Дети играют в комнате. Тогда перевод будет следующим: The children are playing in the room.

Третье предложение Итак перевод третьего предложения: There are two chairs and a bed in the room.

В следующем упражнении надо заполнить пропуски “THERE” или “IT”. В конце упражнения и напишу правильные ответы, чтобы вы могли себя проверить. Само собой разумеется, предложения надо перевести. Это легкие предложения и, думаю, затруднений не будет.

1. … were many people in the room; … was very stuffy.

2. … was hard to decide what was the best thing to do.

3. … was nobody at home when I called for him.

4. … was very wet last month, and now … is windy.

5. … is a beautiful park near my house.

6. … twenty degrees in the shade.

7. … is raining hard. take an umbrella.

8. … were a lot of visitors this morning.

9. At nine o’clock the next morning I went out. … cold and rainy.

10. … getting cold. … going to snow.

11. … were many villages on the road to town.

12. … is only two miles from here.

13. … are two dogs in the garden.

14. … is dark in the room. I can’t make out anything.

15. … will be a party in our house tomorrow.

16. … was three kilometres from the village to the town.

17. … was an old friend of yours at the concert last night.

18. When I returned home … was 5 o’clock.

19. … was only a footpath here last year.

20. … was snowing heavily yesterday.

21. … are no mistakes in your exercise.

22. … is clearing up . Let’s go out.

23. … four hundred children in the school this year.

24. … is cloudy today. … looks like rain.

25. … is a post office in the village.

26. … often rains in autumn.

27. … was a man standing under the tree ten minutes ago.

28. … is thirsty five degrees above zero today.

29. … was still very early and … was nobody to be seen in the street.

30. … spots even on the sun.

31. What is the weather like today? … keeps fine.

32. … is frosty and still snowing. How bitterly cold it is!

33. … is no royal road to learning.

34. Though the day is hot, … is cool in the shade.

35. … was a lot of fish in the river some years ago.

36. … didn’t like rain at all this morning. The shower came on all of a sudden.

37. … are no free rooms on this floor.

38. The weather was beastly. … was foggy and rainy.

39. … are some buildings of modern design in that street.

40. … is stuffy in the room. Let’s open the window.

Заполню пропуски в предложениях “There” и “It”, чтобы вы могли себя проверить.

1. There were many people in the room; it was very stuffy.

2. It was hard to decide what was the best thing to do.

3. There was nobody at home when I called for him.

4. It was very wet last month, and now it is windy.

5. There is a beautiful park near my home.

6. It was twenty degrees in the shade.

7. It is raining hard. Take an umbrella.

8. There were a lot of visitors this morning.

9. At nine o’clock the next morning I went out. It was cold and rainy.

10. It is getting cold. It is going to snow.

11. There were many villages on the road to town.

12. It is only two miles from here.

13. There are two dogs in the garden.

14. It is dark in the room. I can’t make out anything.

15. There will be a party in our house tomorrow.

16. It was three kilometres from the village to the town

17. There was an old friend of yours at the concert last night.

18. When I returned home it was 5 o’clock.

19. There was only a footpath here last year.

20. It was snowing heavily yesterday.

21. There are no mistakes in your exercise.

22. It is clearing up. Let’s go out.

23. There are four hundred children in the school this year.

24. It is cloudy today. It looks like rain.

25. There is a post office in the village.

26. It often rains in autumn.

27. There was a man standing under the tree ten minutes ago.

28. It is thirty five degrees above zero today.

29. It was still very early and there was nobody to be seen in the street.

30. There are spots even on the sun.

31. What is the weather like today? — It keeps fine.

32. It is frosty and still snowing. How bitterly cold it is!

33. There is no royal road to learning.

34. Though the day is hot it is cool in the shade.

35. There was a lot of fish in this river some years ago.

36. It didn’t like rain at all this morning. The shower came on all of a sudden.

37. There are no free rooms on this floor.

38. The weather was beastly. It was foggy and rainy.

39. There are some buildings of modern design in that street.

40. It is stuffy in the room . Let’s open the window.

Конструкция "there is/ are " (особенно эта стилизация с косой чертой) знакома многим еще со школы. И я даже отчетливо слышу голос своей школьной учительницы: "предложения с такой конструкцией переводим с конца! " Однако, не все так просто. Давайте рассмотрим основные особенности построения английского предложения, начинающегося с этих загадочных слов there is ...:

2. Также поступайте, когда "что-то происходит тогда-то ":

3. Во множественном числе "для красоты" добавьте some/ any :

4. Глагол to be в такой конструкции может использоваться с модальными глаголами:

6. Учительница права: порядок слов в английском предложении отличается от русского, поэтому такие предложения на русский язык переводим с конца:

А теперь давайте сравним два предложения:

1) There is a boy in the room и
2) The boy is in the room .

* Во дворе (какая-то) злая собака.

* В Петербурге много (каких-то) красивых зданий.

Если же объект определенный, то в русском языке предложение начнется именно с него:

* (Эта) злая собака сидит на цепи.

* Красивые здания находятся в Петербурге (а не в поселке Сидоровка).

А теперь посмотрим на английские предложения:

Как видно из примеров выше, в предложениях с конструкцией there is слово, обозначающее объект, стоит с неопределенным артиклем: a dog (во множественном числе, т.е. в предложениях there are никакого артикля нет: dogs ), а слово, обозначающее место, т.е. где этот объект находится, стоит с определенным артиклем (the yard ). Когда же речь идет о конкретном объекте, то вполне логично, что этот объект стоит на первом месте в предложении и имеет определенный артикль: the angry dog (даже во множественном числе: the beautiful buildings ).

Largest of all. It is ... nice light room There are ... pictures on... walls. There is ... round are table ... in middle of ... Room. There is... sofa... at ...wall with ... Large thick carpet in ...front of it. ... Study and ... bedroom small, but very comfor table

Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число. 19. This isn"t a mountain. 20. That isn"t a goose. 21. This isn"t a mouse. 22. It is a

sheep. 23. It is a cigarette. 24. It is a cat. 25. It is not a girl. 26. It isn"t a bag. 27. It isn"t a tree. 28. It is not a bad egg. 29. It is a good egg. 30. Is that a flower?

и еще вот это

1. This man is an engineer. 2, That woman is my sister. 3. This child is my son, 4. That goose is big. 5. This mouse is white. 6. This man is a doc¬tor. 7. That woman is my cousin. She is a teacher 8. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 9. This girl has a blue sweater. 10. This boy has a good coat. 11. My uncle has a large flat. 12. There is a table in the room. 13. I have a good pen. My pen is in my pocket. 14. There is a flower in the vase. 15. This child"s foot is sore.

ПомогитеLondon is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. It is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is about 9

million people. 2. In the West End there are many famous museums, theatres, palaces and parks. The British Museum is one of the most famous museums in the world. Is contains the most important collection of things from Greece and Egypt, including the famous Egyptian mummies. The West End includes Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus and the main shopping areas of Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street. 3. The Houses of Parliament built in the 19th century, are the place where the English Government sits. Big Ben is the name given to the clock and the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. The great bell weighs thirteen and a half tons. Buckingham Palace is the home of Britain Kings and Queens. Every day a lot of tourists come to see the ceremony of Changing the Guard in front of Buckingham Palace. 4. The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City, and the growth of the port of London. It is one of those areas of London where people from abroad have come to find work. The East End is especially famous as the centre of the clothing industry in London составить специальные вопросы к эту тексту))

Выберите правильную форму слов, данных в скобках.He certainly has done (good, well) in his studies this year. 2.It is not (good, well) for you to

smoke. 3. I was (angry, angrily) at what he did. 4. He stormed (angry, angrily) out of the room. 5. It isn’t (bad, badly). 6. To the parent’s disgust, the child behaved very (bad, badly) at the table. 7. He dreamed of acting (brave, bravely) in emergency. 8. Hi is a (brave, bravely) man. 9. This is quite (clear, clearly). 10. I can see (clear, clearly) what you mean. 11. She looked at them (cold, coldly). 12. The weather is (cold, coldly) today. 13. This is a (comfortable, comfortably) desk. 14. The English like to live (comfortable, comfortably). 15. He is (dangerous, dangerously) calm. 16. This road is (dangerous, dangerously). 17. Let’s look at it from (different, differently) angles. 18. The two sisters reacted (different, differently). 19. This definition is not quite (exact, exactly). 20. Can you tell me (exact, exactly) when he will come. 21. He seems to be not very (happy, happily) about it. 22. They smiled (happy. happily). 23. The girl was (heavy, heavily) painted. 24. The case is too (heavy, heavily), 25. She signed (helpless, helplessly). 26. She is quite (helpless, helplessly) with the child. 27. The work was done (perfect, perfectly). 28. The weather during the last few days has been (perfect, perfectly). 29. Walk (quiet, quietly) or you will wake the patient. 30. His voice was (quiet, quietly). 31. It is (sad, sadly) that you have been ill such a long time. 32. She looked at me (sad, sadly). 33.The answer was not (satisfactory, satisfactorily). 34.You performed (satisfactory, satisfactorily). 35. Do you (serious, seriously) wish to go there? 36. Are you (serious, seriously)about going there? 37. The examination was quite (simple, simply). 38. The problem can be solved quite (simple, simply).